Resources

Browse or search our library of research, data, and resources for the latest information on all aspects of local criminal justice reform—from racial disparities to women in jails to mental health.

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COVID Data Analysis Jail Populations March 21, 2023

Jail Populations, Violent Crime, and COVID-19

Sana Khan, Emily West, Stephanie Rosoff, CUNY Institute for State & Local Governance

On average, SJC cities and counties successfully reduced jail populations without jeopardizing community safety.

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Racial Disparities March 8, 2023

Exploring Latino/a Representation in Local Criminal Justice Systems: A Review of Data Collection Practices and Systems-Involvement

Nancy Rodriguez and Rebecca Tublitz

Today, just under one in five people in the U.S. self-identify as being of Latino origin. Yet, remarkably, despite the size and diversity of the Latino population in the U.S., we do not know how many Hispanic and Latino people are arrested. That’s because we are still not collecting the data in enough detail. The […]

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Costs of Jailing

The growth of jails has been costly in many ways.

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Community Engagement Costs Housing

November 22, 2021

Funding Housing Solutions to Reduce Jail Incarceration

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Data Analysis Jail Populations Pretrial and Bail

May 13, 2021

Connection to Care in a Municipal Jail Setting

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Data Analysis Jail Populations Pretrial and Bail

November 19, 2020

Dollars and Sense In Cook County

Innovation Case Studies

Case studies prepared by the Urban Institute show how small-scale innovations in policy and practice are helping to reduce reliance on jail incarceration across the Safety and Justice Challenge Network.

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Bail Community Engagement Crime Data Analysis Featured Jurisdictions Human Toll of Jail Jail Populations Pretrial and Bail Pretrial and Jails Pretrial Justice Pretrial Services Racial Disparities

July 1, 2022

Expanding Supervised Release in New York City

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Implementation Guide

Data Analysis Interagency Collaboration Pretrial and Bail

October 12, 2018

Case Study: Lessons on Front-End Diversion from Deschutes County, OH

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Implementation Guide

Human Toll of Jail Interagency Collaboration Pretrial and Bail

October 12, 2018

Case Study: Pretrial Strategy for Handling Intimate Partner Violence Cases

Jail Growth

Jail incarceration and jail admissions have grown dramatically since the 1970s. In many parts of the country, the growth continues unabated.

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Data Analysis Jail Populations Racial Disparities

November 18, 2022

Measuring Progress: Declining Populations, Rising Disparities

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COVID Data Analysis Incarceration Trends

November 18, 2022

Measuring Progress: The Fall & Rise of Jail Populations During the Pandemic

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Publication

Bail Community Engagement Crime Data Analysis Featured Jurisdictions Human Toll of Jail Jail Populations Pretrial and Bail Pretrial and Jails Pretrial Justice Pretrial Services Racial Disparities

July 1, 2022

Expanding Supervised Release in New York City

Jail Overview

Local jails are the gateway to the criminal justice system, and a major component and driver of mass incarceration.

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Incarceration Trends Presumption of Innocence Pretrial and Bail Pretrial and Jails Pretrial Justice Pretrial Services

October 12, 2022

Cages Without Bars

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Courts Data Analysis Frequent Jail Users Incarceration Trends Probation Sanctions

May 5, 2022

Trends in Jail Incarceration for Probation Violations

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Data Analysis Human Toll of Jail Pretrial and Bail

September 9, 2020

In the Shadows: A Review of the Research on Plea Bargaining

Mental Illness and Substance Abuse in Jails

Jails have become the “treatment of last resort” for people struggling with mental illness and addiction.

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Data Analysis Human Toll of Jail Substance Abuse

January 26, 2021

Overdose Deaths and Jail Incarceration

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Issue Brief

Data Analysis Human Toll of Jail Mental Health

August 1, 2019

Mental Health: The Legislative Primer Series for Front End Justice

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Issue Brief

Interagency Collaboration Jail Populations Mental Health

May 14, 2015

When Political Will is Not Enough: Jails, Communities, and Persons With Mental Health Disorders (Policy Research Associates)

Poverty and Homelessness in Jail

Jails are often de facto warehouses for people without money or stable housing.

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Data Analysis Homelessness Human Toll of Jail

August 12, 2020

No Access to Justice: Breaking the Cycle of Homelessness and Jail

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Data Analysis Jail Populations Pretrial and Bail

August 26, 2019

Arrest, Release, Repeat: How police and jails are misused to respond to social problems

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Issue Brief

Data Analysis Human Toll of Jail Young Adults

August 1, 2019

Young Adults in the Justice System: The Legislative Primer Series for Front-End Justice

Racial Inequity

People of color—particularly Black people and their communities—suffer disproportionately from America’s overuse of jails.

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Racial Disparities

March 8, 2023

Exploring Latino/a Representation in Local Criminal Justice Systems: A Review of Data Collection Practices and Systems-Involvement

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Diversion Incarceration Trends Probation Sanctions

January 12, 2023

Probation Violations as Drivers of Jail Incarceration in St. Louis County, Missouri

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Community Engagement Jail Populations Racial Disparities

January 10, 2023

Over-Incarceration of Native Americans: Roots, Inequities, and Solutions

Results from the Safety and Justice Challenge Network

Interim results from cities and counties participating in the Safety and Justice Challenge show that jail incarceration can be reduced without compromising public safety, and that local justice systems can be made fairer in the process.

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